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天津图书馆外国文学撷珍(Classics Reading)第3期
发布时间:2022-01-11

时光飞逝,岁月荏苒。回首2021年,每一个拼搏的日子都闪闪发亮,每一段奋斗的经历都终身难忘。愿你我的付出、奉献和收获都幻化成浩瀚夜空的璀璨星光,指引我们追寻最初的梦想。新年伊始,万象更新。展望2022年,我们将继续与您携手相伴,悦享书香,怀揣希望,奔赴远方。

伴随寒假脚步的临近,我们为广大学生朋友推出青少年必读书目系列专题,希望大家能够在阅读中提升英语学习,度过一个愉快而充实的假期。本期为大家推荐的书目是英国作家乔纳森·斯威夫特的作品《格列佛游记》。让我们跟随格列佛一起踏寻奇幻之旅,感悟人生真谛。

作品简介

《格列佛游记》是英国作家乔纳森·斯威夫特创作的长篇游记体讽刺小说。作品通过格列佛船长的口气叙述自己周游四国的经历,通过格列佛在利立普特(小人国)、布罗卜丁奈格(大人国)、飞岛国、慧骃国的奇遇,反映了18世纪前半期英国统治阶级的腐败和罪恶。《格列佛游记》出版几个世纪以来,被翻译成几十种语言,在世界各国广为流传。

 

作者简介

乔纳森·斯威夫特(Jonathan Swift1667-1745),英国作家、政论家、讽刺文学大师,以著名的《格列佛游记》和《一个澡盆的故事》等作品闻名于世,他曾被高尔基称为“世界文学创造者之一”。

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因为这些高贵的“慧骃”生来就具有种种美德,它们是理性动物,根本不了解“罪恶”这种概念,所以它们的伟大标准就是培养理性,一切都由理性来支配。理性在它们那儿也不是一个值得争议的问题,不像我们,你可以对一个问题进行正反两方面的诡辩。它们的理性因为不受感情和利益的歪曲和蒙蔽,所以它必然会立即就让你信服。我记得当时我是费了九牛二虎之力才让我的主人理解“意见”这个词的意义和为什么一个问题会引起争议。因为理性教导我们,只有我们确认的事情我们才会肯定或者否定,而在我们所知之外的事情,我们既不能肯定也不能否定,所以争议、吵闹、争执、肯定虚假或不确定的命题等都是“慧骃”闻所未闻的罪恶。同样,我过去给它解释我们自然哲学的几种体系时,它总要笑起来,它认为一个冒充有理性的动物竟然通过别人的认识来衡量自己,那些东西就是了解得很确切,也没有什么用处。这方面它完全赞同柏拉图表述的苏格拉底的思想;我提到苏格拉底的思想是出于我对这位哲学王子的最崇高的敬意。从那以后我也常常想,这么一种学说不知要摧毁欧洲图书馆里的多少图书,学术界不知又有多少成名之路会因此而被关闭。

 

As these noble Houyhnhnms are endowed by nature with a general disposition to all virtues, and have no conceptions or ideas of what is evil in a rational creature, so their grand maxim is to cultivate reason, and to be wholly governed by it. Neither is reason among them a point problematical as with us, where men can argue with plausibility on both sides of the question; but strikes you with immediate conviction; as it must needs do where it is not mingled, obscured, or discoloured by passion and interest. I remember it was with extreme difficulty that I could bring my master to understand the meaning of the word opinion, or how a point could be disputable; because reason taught us to affirm or deny only where we are certain, and beyond our knowledge we cannot do either. So that controversies, wranglings, disputes, and positiveness in false or dubious propositions, are evils unknown among the Houghnhnms. In the like manner when I used to explain to him our several systems of natural philosophy, he would laugh that a creature pretending to reason should value itself upon the knowledge of other people’s conjectures, and in things where that knowledge, if it were certain, could be of no use. Wherein he agreed entirely with the sentiments of Socrates, as Plato delivers them; which I mention as the highest honour I can do that prince of philosophers. I have often since reflected what destruction such a doctrine would make in the libraries of Europe, and how many paths to fame would be then shut up in the learned world.

——英文原文节选自Gulliver's Travels(London : Penguin Books Ltd., 1994.),索书号:I561.44/S977/1994 ed

 

☆词汇

  • reason  n. 原因,理性,理智   

    v. 推理,说服,辩论,讨论

  • argue  vt. 坚持,主张;说服,劝说

  • conviction  n. 深信,确信

  • opinion  n. 意见,看法,主张

  • point  n. 尖;点;条款;分数,得分;论点

              v. (at, to)指

  • controversy  n. 争论,辩论

  • philosophy  n. 哲学

  • value  n. 价格;价值;实用性

               v. 评价,估价;尊重

    (单词注释来自有道词典)

     

    文案策划:图书借阅部 李圣昭 王熙