萧疏桐叶上，月白露初团。秋意渐浓，落叶飘飞，皎洁的月光倾洒在稀疏的梧桐叶上，映照着晶莹剔透的露珠。在深秋的夜晚，与好友相邀秋水煎茶，对月翻书，听风的吟唱，品茶的清欢，享受文字的滋养。本期继续为大家推送俄国作家列夫·托尔斯泰的作品《安娜·卡列尼娜》。让我们一起翻开书页，感受雪国凛冽的寒风，感受安娜追求爱与自由的勇气。

《十九世纪俄罗斯妇女的悲剧》——草婴

“你写作《安娜·卡列尼娜》的念头是怎样产生的？”一八七八年有人问托尔斯泰。

托尔斯泰躺在沙发上回答说：

“是的，就像现在这样，饭后我独自躺在这张沙发上，吸着烟……我不知道我是在竭力思索呢，还是在与瞌睡作斗争，突然有一条非常漂亮的贵妇人的光胳膊在我面前掠过，我不由得仔细看看这个幻影。接着出现了肩膀、脖子，最后是一个美丽的女人的形象，她身穿白衣裳。她那双含怨带恨的眼睛看着我。幻影消失了，可是我已无法摆脱它，它日夜跟踪着我。为了摆脱它，我必须给它找个化身。这就是写作《安娜·卡列尼娜》的起因。”

 当然，《安娜·卡列尼娜》的创作动机不会这样简单，安娜这个光艳照人的形象也并非产生于一次偶然的幻觉。托尔斯泰创作这部小说是着实费了一番功夫的。《安娜·卡列尼娜》创作于十九世纪七十年代（1873-1877），当时俄国正处于历史大变动时期，古老的封建地主俄国受到西欧资本主义浪潮的猛烈冲击……怎样对待这场空前的大变动，就成为每个有头脑、有良心的俄国人无法回避的问题。托尔斯泰面对着这样一个新旧势力搏斗的社会，他那颗热爱生活而又仁慈善良的心不能不颤抖，不能不感到惶惑不安。他多方观察，苦苦思索，希图弄清这场变动的实质，消除人民的苦难，但他无能为力。

在这新旧交替的历史时期，尤其吸引托尔斯泰注意的是家庭的变化和妇女的命运。家庭悲剧层出不穷，一幕幕展现在他的眼前，而一个妇女因爱情问题而卧轨自杀的消息，特别使他感到震惊和难过。这也许就是他创作《安娜·卡列尼娜》的直接原因……

   《安娜·卡列尼娜》手稿

（图片源自《安娜·卡列尼娜》，人民文学出版社，2020）

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《安娜·卡列尼娜》（节选二）中文版

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《安娜·卡列尼娜》（节选二）英文版

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“哦，又是那个姑娘！我什么都明白了。”马车刚走动，安娜就自言自语。马车在石子路上摇摇晃晃，发出辘辘的响声，一个个印象又接二连三地涌上她的脑海。

“嗯，我刚才想到一件什么有趣的事啦？”她竭力回想，“是理发大师邱金吗？不，不是那个。噢，有了，就是雅希文说的：生存竞争和相互仇恨是人与人之间的唯一关系……哼，你们出去兜风也没有意思。”她在心里对一群乘驷马车到城外游玩的人说，“你们带着狗出去也没用。你们逃避不了自己的良心。”她随着彼得转身的方向望去，看见一个喝得烂醉的工人，摇晃着脑袋，正被一个警察带走，“哦，他这倒是个办法。”她想，“我同伏伦斯基伯爵就没有这样开心过，尽管我们很想过这种开心的日子。”安娜这是第一次明白她同他的关系，这一点她以前总是避免去想的，“他在我身上追求的是什么呀？与其说爱情，不如说是满足他的虚荣心。”她回想起他们结合初期他说过的话和他那副很像驯顺的猎狗似的神态。现在一切都证实了她的看法。“是的，他流露出虚荣心得到满足的自豪。当然也有爱情，但多半是取得胜利时的得意。他原以得到我为荣。如今都已过去了。没有什么值得得意的了。没有得意，只有羞耻。他从我身上得到了一切能得到的东西，如今再也不需要我了。他把我看作包袱，但又竭力装作没有忘恩负义。昨天他说溜了嘴，要我先离婚再结婚。他这是破釜沉舟，不让自己有别的出路。他爱我，但爱得怎么样？热情冷却了……那个人想出风头，那么得意洋洋的。”她望着那个骑一匹赛跑马的面色红润的店员想，“唉，我已没有迷住他的风韵了。我要是离开他，他会打心眼里高兴的。”

‘There, again it is that girl! Again I understand it all,’ Anna said to herself as soon as the carriage started and, rocking slightly, rattled over the stones; and again different impressions succeeded one another in her brain.

‘What was the last thing I thought of that was so good?’ She tried to remember it. ‘“Tyutkin, Coiffeur”? No, not that. Oh yes! What Yashvin said: the struggle for existence and hatred are the only things that unite people. No, you are going in vain,’ she mentally addressed a company of people in a calèche with four horses, who were evidently going out of town on a spree. ‘And the dog you have with you won’t help you! You can’t escape from yourselves.’ Glancing in the direction in which Peter was looking she saw a workman, nearly dead-drunk, with his head swaying about, who was being led off somewhere by a policeman. ‘That one is more likely to,’ she thought. ‘Count Vronsky and I have also been unable to find that pleasure from which we expected so much.’ And now for the first time Anna turned the bright light in which she saw everything upon her relations with him, about which she had always avoided thinking. ‘What did he look for in me? Not so much love as the satisfaction of his vanity.’ She remembered his words, the expression of his face, suggestive of a faithful setter’s, in the early days of their union. Everything now confirmed her view. ‘Yes, there was in him the triumph of successful vanity. Of course there was love too; but the greater part was pride in his success. He boasted of me. Now that is past. There is nothing to be proud of. Not to be proud but to be ashamed! He has taken from me all he could, and now he does not need me. He is weary of me and is trying not to act dishonourably toward me. Yesterday he betrayed himself – he wants the divorce and a marriage in order to burn his boats. He loves me, but how? The zest is gone!’ … ‘That man wants to astonish everybody and is very well satisfied with himself,’ she thought, glancing at a rosy-faced shop-assistant who was riding a hired horse. ‘No, I have no longer the right flavor for him. If I go away he will, at the bottom of his heart, be pleased.’

——英文原文节选自Anna Karenina (Ware, Hertfordshire : Wordsworth Editions Ltd., 1999.），索书号：I512.44/T654/W.ed

 

☆词汇

• carriage  n. 马车；客车厢

• rock  n. 岩石，石块

             v. 摇，摇动

• struggle  n & v. 斗争，奋斗，努力

• address  n. 住址；致词

           v. 向……致词；在信封上写姓名；设法解决

• avoid  vt. 避免；回避，逃避

• vanity  n. 虚荣心，浮华

   

  （单词注释来自有道词典）

   

  文案策划：图书借阅部 李圣昭 王熙

  中文音频：图书借阅部 王熙

  英文音频：图书借阅部 李圣昭

  编辑：宣传策划小组 宋丙秀