春回大地，人间芳菲，在春意浓浓的四月里我们再次迎来世界读书日。本月中我们将为大家推荐威廉·莎士比亚创作的历史剧系列中的《理查三世》。这位诞生于英国玫瑰战争时期的君主，在历史上颇负争议，莎士比亚将其描绘为一个跛足驼背、面容丑陋、内心邪恶的暴君，并将其身上展现出的复杂人性表现得淋漓尽致。让我们在世界读书日里重温莎翁经典，共同品味莎翁的历史剧魅力。

作品简介

《理查三世》是英国剧作家威廉·莎士比亚于1591年创作的历史剧。该剧以严谨的写作风格，逼真地再现了理查三世短暂的执政历史，讲述了理查三世谋杀侄子、篡夺王位、残暴统治，最终受到正义讨伐、战死沙场的故事。该剧具有深刻的主题和鲜明的艺术特色，是莎士比亚众多历史剧中的代表作。

 

作者简介

威廉·莎士比亚（William Shakespeare，1564-1616），英国文艺复兴时期剧作家、诗人，被誉为“人类文学奥林匹斯山上的宙斯”。1564年4月23日出生于英国沃里克郡斯特拉福镇，1571年至1579年在斯特拉福文法学校读书，1587年开始演员生涯，并开始尝试写剧本。1601年创作戏剧《哈姆雷特》首演，引起文坛关注。1616年4月23日于故乡去世。代表作有四大悲剧《哈姆雷特》《奥赛罗》《李尔王》《麦克白》，和四大喜剧《第十二夜》《仲夏夜之梦》《威尼斯商人》《皆大欢喜》。

英格兰约克王朝末代国王理查三世

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Enter Richard, Duke of Gloucester, alone

  RICHARD  Now is the winter of our discontent

           Made glorious summer by this sun of York,

           And all the clouds that loured upon our house

           In the deep bosom of the ocean buried

           Now are our brows bound with victorious wreaths,

           Our bruisèd arms hung up for monuments,

           Our stern alarums changed to merry meetings,

           Our dreadful marches to delightful measures.

           Grim-visaged war hath smoothed his wrinkled front,

           And now, instead of mounting barbèd steeds

           To fright the souls of fearful adversaries,

           He capers nimbly in a lady’s chamber

           To the lascivious pleasing of a lute.

           But I, that am not shaped for sportive tricks

           Nor made to court an amorous looking-glass;

           I, that am rudely stamped, and want love’s majesty

           To strut before a wanton ambling nymph;

           I, that am curtailed of this fair proportion,

           Cheated of feature by dissembling Nature,

           Deformed, unfinished, sent before my time

           Into this breathing world, scarce half made up,

           And that so lamely and unfashionable

           That dogs bark at me as I halt by them --

           Why I, in this weak piping time of peace,

           Have no delight to pass away the time,

           Unless to spy my shadow in the sun

           And descant on mine own deformity.

           And therefore, since I cannot prove a lover

           To entertain these fair well-spoken days,

           I am determined to prove a villain

           And hate the idle pleasures of these days.

           Plots have I laid, inductions dangerous,

           By drunken prophecies, libels, and dreams,

           To set my brother Clarence and the King

           In deadly hate the one against the other;

           And if King Edward be as true and just

           As I am subtle, false, and treacherous,

           This day should Clarence closely be mewed up

           About a prophecy which says that G

           Of Edward’s heirs the murderer shall be.

           Dive, thoughts, down to my soul -- here Clarence comes!

词汇学习

• wreath  n. 花环，花圈

• monument  n. 纪念碑，纪念馆

• adversary  n. 敌手，对手

                adj. 对立的，敌对的

• cheat  n. 骗子；欺诈，欺骗行为

• villain  n. 坏人，恶棍

  （单词注释来自有道词典）

历史剧是莎士比亚戏剧的重要组成部分，与其悲剧、喜剧共同构成了莎士比亚伟大的艺术成就。他的历史剧取材于13至16世纪的英国历史，以英国几个著名的国王为主题，翔实生动地描述了英国诸王朝相互倾轧、争夺权势的复杂内幕及英国社会发展的趋势。对于读者了解当时英国社会动态、王朝更替、宫廷生活以及政治斗争的复杂历史有重要的参考价值。本书精选了莎士比亚的《约翰王》《理查二世》《亨利四世》《亨利五世》《亨利六世》《理查三世》《亨利八世》这七部颇有影响力的历史剧，进行了精细入微、颇有见地的研究，揭示和探讨了莎士比亚创作的新奇性。

The book delivers a fresh and exciting new take on the life of William Shakespeare, offering readers a biography that brings to the foreground his working life as a poet, playwright, and actor. It also explores the nature of his relationships with his friends, colleagues, and family, and asks important questions about the stories we tell about Shakespeare based on the evidence we actually have about the man himself. Perfect for undergraduate students in Literature, Drama, Theatre Studies, History, and Cultural Studies courses. It will also earn a place in the libraries of students interested in Gender Studies and Creative Writing.

 

 

 

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